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Vault7: CIA Hacking Tools Revealed

Navigation: » Latest version


Owner: User #3375506

Caterpillar

Caterpillar Design

Requirements

Refer to Caterpillar v1.0 User Requirements Document (URD) IMIS: 2014-0638 Revision K January 30, 2014.

Use cases

Use Case 0: Operator exfiltrates a file.

Use Case 1: Operator exfiltrates arbitrary bytes of a file.

Use Case 2: Operator exfiltrates a glob.

Use Case 3: Operator resumes an aborted exfiltration.

Public interfaces

Low-side client

WinShell interface

TBD.

ICE interface

TBD.

High-side server

TBD.

Runtime parameters

Low-side client

A resource will convey runtime parameters.

Name Type Description Default
subject_filename String Fully qualified filename with globbing C:\data.txt
caterpillar_chunksize Integer Outer Caterpillar subject chunk size (B) 1045876 (1 MB)
exfiltration_rate Integer Bits per second 1045876 (1 Mbps)
state_filename String Fully qualified filename to persist state C:\state.txt
instance_identifier Integer Deconflicts concurrent sessions 0
begin_index LongLong Subject begin offset (modulo filesize, inclusive, B) 0
end_index LongLong Subject end offset (modulo filesize, inclusive, B) -1
destination_ip String Destination IP

192.168.100.100

ticks_per_packet Integer Amount to increment RTP timestamp 1000

High-side server

TBD.

Exfiltration algorithm

0. Determine if this is a new mission or a resume.

1. If new mission, create an entry in the state file.

2. Open UDPUser Datagram Protocol socket to destination_ip.

3. Generate file/task metadata.

4. Prepend file/task metadata to subject file.

5. For each untransmitted chunk in enhanced subject file:

5.0. Generate chunk reassembly metadata.

5.1. Prepend chunk reassembly metadata to chunk.

5.2. Raptor the chunk, receiving one or more buffers in return.

5.3. For each buffer:

5.3.0. Generate packet reassembly data.

5.3.1. Prepend packet reassembly data to buffer.

5.3.2. Generate RTP header.

5.3.3. Prepend RTP header to enhanced buffer.

5.3.4. Determine actual exfiltration rate.

5.3.5. Pause until actual falls below provisioned exfiltration rate.

5.3.6. Send RTP packet via UDPUser Datagram Protocol socket.

5.4. Update entry in state file.

Resume algorithm

0. Search the state file for incomplete entries.

1. For each incomplete entry:

1.0. Run exfiltration algorithm.

Packet format

The Caterpillar low-side client will prepare a packet comprising an RTP header, Packet reassembly metadata and Raptored Chunk reassembly metadata, File/task metadata and subject payload.

The purpose of the RTP encapsulation is deception. We use 53 for the payload type because it is in the middle of the longest series of unassigned values. The complete list is: [20, 24], 27, 29, 30, [35, 71] and [77, 95].

Basic strategy

given SUBJECT_FILE

ENHANCED_SUBJECT_FILE = FILE_TASK_METADATA(SUBJECT_FILE) + SUBJECT_FILE

CHUNKS = CHUNK(ENHANCED_SUBJECT_FILE)

ENHANCED_CHUNKS[i] = CHUNK_REASSEMBLY_DATA(CHUNKS[i]) + CHUNKS[i]

SUB_CHUNKS[i] = RAPTOR(ENHANCED_CHUNKS[i])

ENHANCED_SUB_CHUNKS[i][j] = PACKET_REASSEMBLY_DATA(SUB_CHUNKS[i][j]) + SUB_CHUNKS[i][j]

COVERED_SUB_CHUNKS[i][j] = RTP_HEADER + ENHANCED_SUB_CHUNKS[i][j]

  subject file                          
  file/task metadata subject file                        
  chunk 0               chunk k          
  chunk 0 reassembly data chunk 0             chunk k reassembly data chunk k        
  subchunk 00       subchunk 0m       subchunk k0       subchunk km  
  subchunk 00 packet reassembly data subchunk 00     subchunk 0m packet reassembly data subchunk 0m     subchunk k0 packet reassembly data subchunk k0     subchunk km packet reassembly data subchunk km
rtp header subchunk 00 packet reassembly data subchunk 00 ... rtp header subchunk 0m packet reassembly data subchunk 0m ... rtp header subchunk k0 packet reassembly data subchunk k0 ... rtp header subchunk km packet reassembly data subchunk km
Offset (b) Length (b) Name Value
0 2 Version 2
2 1 Padding 0
3 1 Extension header present 0
4 4 Contributing source (CSRC) count 0
8 1 Marker 0
9 7 Payload type 53
16 16 Sequence number 1-up counter
32 32 Timestamp ticks_per_packet-up counter
64 32 Synchronization source (SSRC) 0x00000000
96 CSRC count * 32 CSRC list N/A
96 + CSRC count * 32 variable Extension header N/A

The purpose of the packet reassembly metadata is to document the chunk reassembly. File ID is a hash of the file name.

Offset (B) Length (B) Name
0 4 Instance ID
4 4 File ID
8 4 Chunk ID

The purpose of the chunk reassembly metadata is to document the file reassembly.

Offset (B) Length (B) Name
0 4 Instance ID
4 4 File ID
8 8 File size
16 8 Chunk begin index
24 8 Chunk end index

The purpose of the file/task metadata is to document the operation.

Offset (B) Length (B) Name
0 4 Instance ID
4 4 Exfiltration time (s since midnight January 1, 1970)
8 8 File begin index
16 8 File end index
24 variable File name

Globbing

Globbing is pattern-matching based on wildcard characters; it is not a regular expression capability. Globbing operators are not standardized: Caterpillar will use the WinAPI implementation of globbing, specifically calls to FindFirstFile() and FileNextFile().

Obfuscating the metadata

We considered symmetric-key XOR, RC4 and AESAdvanced Encryption Standard techniques for obfuscating the metadata. The first iteration will use XOR with an eight bit symmetric key, and we can upgrade to a stronger mechanism in a later iteration. This capability cannot be considered encryption because the key is present in the low-side client.

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