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Vault7: CIA Hacking Tools Revealed

Navigation: » Latest version


Owner: User #3375506

Caterpillar

Caterpillar Design

Requirements

Refer to Caterpillar v1.0 User Requirements Document (URD) IMIS: 2014-0638 Revision K January 30, 2014.

Use cases

Use Case 0: Operator exfiltrates a subject file.

Use Case 1: Operator exfiltrates arbitrary bytes of a subject file.

Use Case 2: Operator exfiltrates a glob.

Use Case 3: Operator resumes an aborted collection.

Public interfaces

Low-side client

WinShell interface

TBD.

ICE interface

Will implement the Fire and Forget mode.

High-side postprocessor

TBD.

Compile-time parameters

Low-side client

Name Type Description Default
ticks_per_packet Integer Amount to increment RTP timestamp 1000

High-side postprocessor

TBD.

Runtime parameters

Low-side client

A resource will convey runtime parameters.

Name Type Description Default
subject_globs String[]

Absolute subject file names with globbing, supporting environment variables

C:\data.txt
caterpillar_chunksize Unsigned Integer Outer Caterpillar subject chunk size (B) 1045876 (1 MB)
caterpillar_packetsize Unsigned Integer Maximum Size of RTP payload (B) 1472 (MTUMaximum Transmission Unit - RTP header bytes - Packet metadata bytes)
collection_rate Unsigned Integer Bits per second 1045876 (1 Mbps)
collector_state_filename String Absolute collector state file name to persist collector state, supporting environment variables C:\collector_state.txt
instance_identifier Unsigned Integer Deconflicts concurrent sessions 0
begin_index Signed LongLong Subject begin offset (modulo subject file size, inclusive, B) 0
end_index Signed LongLong Subject end offset (modulo subject file size, inclusive, B) -1
destination_ip String Destination IP

192.168.100.100

High-side postprocessor

TBD.

Collection algorithm

  1. Open or initialize collector state file.
  2. Open UDPUser Datagram Protocol socket.
  3. Iterate over subject globs.
    1. Iterate over subject glob members.
      1. Consult collector state file.
        1. If new subject file, create an entry in the collector state file and set START_CHUNK to 0.
        2. If previously completed subject file, break.
        3. If previously attempted subject file, set START_CHUNK to last sent chunk + 1.
      2. Generate collection file metadata.
      3. Virtually prepend collection file metadata to subject file.
      4. Iterate over chunks of enhanced subject file, beginning at START_CHUNK.
        1. Generate chunk metadata.
        2. Virtually prepend chunk metadata to chunk.
        3. Raptor the enhanced chunk, receiving one or more raptor packets in return.
        4. Iterate over raptor packets.
          1. Generate packet metadata.
          2. Virtually prepend packet metadata to packet.
          3. Generate RTP header.
          4. Virtually prepend RTP header to enhanced packet.
          5. Determine actual collection rate.
          6. Pause until actual falls below provisioned collection rate.
          7. Send covered, enhanced packet via UDPUser Datagram Protocol socket.
        5. Increment last sent chunk for this subject file in collector state file.
      5. Mark subject file complete for this subject file in collector state file.
  4. Close collector state file.

Packet format

The Caterpillar low-side client will prepare a packet comprising an RTP header, packet metadata and raptored chunk metadata, collection file metadata and subject payload.

Basic strategy

given SUBJECT_FILE

ENHANCED_SUBJECT_FILE = COLLECTION_FILE_METADATA(SUBJECT_FILE) + SUBJECT_FILE

CHUNKS = CHUNK(ENHANCED_SUBJECT_FILE)

ENHANCED_CHUNKS[i] = CHUNK_METADATA(CHUNKS[i]) + CHUNKS[i]

PACKETS[i] = RAPTOR(ENHANCED_CHUNKS[i])

ENHANCED_PACKETS[i][j] = PACKET_METADATA(PACKETS[i][j]) + PACKETS[i][j]

COVERED_PACKETS[i][j] = RTP_HEADER + ENHANCED_PACKETS[i][j]

subject
file
                           

collection file
metadata

subject
file
                         
chunk
0
             ... chunk
k
           
chunk
0
metadata
chunk 0           ...

chunk
k
metadata

chunk
k
         
packet
00
    ... packet
0m
    ... packet
k0
    ... packet
km
   
packet
00
metadata
packet
00
  ... packet
0m
metadata
packet
0m
  ... packet
k0
metadata
packet
k0
  ... packet
km
metadata
packet
km
 

RTP
header

packet
00
metadata
packet
00
... RTP
header

packet
0m
metadata

packet
0m
... RTP
header
packet
k0
metadata
packet
k0
... RTP
header
packet
km
metadata
packet
km

The purpose of the RTP encapsulation is deception. We use 53 for the payload type because it is in the middle of the longest series of unassigned values. The complete list is: [20, 24], 27, 29, 30, [35, 71] and [77, 95].

Offset (b) Length (b) Name Value
0 2 Version 2
2 1 Padding 0
3 1 Extension header present 0
4 4 Contributing source (CSRC) count 0
8 1 Marker 0
9 7 Payload type 53
16 16 Sequence number 1-up counter
32 32 Timestamp ticks_per_packet-up counter
64 32 Synchronization source (SSRC) 0x00000000
96 CSRC count * 32 CSRC list N/A
96 + CSRC count * 32 variable Extension header N/A

The purpose of the packet metadata is to document the chunk reassembly. Chunk ID is an MD5 digest of the chunk metadata.

Offset (B) Type Length (B) Name
0 BYTE[] 16 Chunk ID

The purpose of the chunk metadata is to document the subject file reassembly. Collection file ID is an MD5 digest of the collection file.

Offset (B) Type Length (B) Name
0 BYTE[] 16 Collection file ID
16 DWORD 4 Instance ID
20 DWORD 4 Chunk size (the last chunk may be smaller than provisioned chunk size)
24 QWORD 8 Chunk begin index (inclusive)
32 QWORD 8 Chunk end index (inclusive)

The purpose of the collection file metadata is to document the operation.

Offset (B) Type Length (B) Name
0 DWORD 4 Instance ID
4 QWORD 8 Collection time (Windows file time format)
12 QWORD 8 Size (in bytes)
20 QWORD 8 Begin index (inclusive)
28 QWORD 8 End index (inclusive)
36 QWORD 8 Subject file creation time (Windows file time format)
44 DWORD 4 Subject file name size (in bytes, including null termination)
48 wchar_t[] Subject file name size Subject file name (UTF-8 encoded, null terminated)

Globbing

Globbing is pattern-matching based on wildcard characters; it is not a regular expression capability. Globbing operators are not standardized: Caterpillar will use the WinAPI implementation of globbing, specifically calls to FindFirstFile() and FindNextFile().

Obfuscating the metadata

We considered symmetric-key XOR, RC4 and AESAdvanced Encryption Standard techniques for obfuscating the metadata. The first iteration will use XOR with an eight bit symmetric key, and we can upgrade to a stronger mechanism in a later iteration. This capability cannot be considered encryption because the key is present in the low-side client.

State file format

The first line comprises the active collection file and the last chunk transmitted. Each subsequent line logs previously collected files. e.g.

active_file.txt 1
previous_file_0.txt
previous_file_1.txt

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